nurs 6501 final exam

NURS 6501 Final Exam

Question 1 1 point

When are childhood cancers most frequently diagnosed?

Group of answer choices

During infancy

During peak periods of physical growth

After the diagnosis of a chronic illness

Following an acute illness

Question 2 1 point

How is gonorrhea transmitted from a pregnant woman to her fetus?

Group of answer choices

Unbound in the blood via the placenta

Attached to immunoglobulin G (IgG) via the placenta

Through direct inoculation with fetal scalp electrodes exposed to maternal body fluids

Predominantly through infected cervical secretions during the birthing process

Flag question: Question 3

Question 3 1 point

Compared to adults, infants have a greater content of extracellular fluid and a higher rate of fluid exchange. How does this affect the fluid balance of a child compared to that of an adult?

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Group of answer choices

Development of edema is less problematic.

Managing overhydration is not difficult.

Daily fluid requirements are greater.

Controlling dehydration is more challenging.

Question 4 1 point

A child has osteosarcoma, and the healthcare team is checking for metastases. What diagnostic study should be the priority?

Group of answer choices

Pancreatic enzyme analysis

Liver biopsy

Chest x-ray or CT scan

Brain MRI

Question 5 1 point

Gait disturbances and instability are typical of which form of cerebral palsy?

Group of answer choices

Spastic

Dystonic

Ataxic

Biochemical

Question 6 1 point

A student asks the professor for a definition of orexigenic neurons. What description by the professor is most accurate?

Group of answer choices

Promote appetite and stimulate eating

Suppress appetite and inhibit eating

Increase overall metabolism

Promote satiety after eating

Question 7 1 point

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system abnormalities exist in a large percentage of individuals with what?

Group of answer choices

Schizophrenia

Major depression

Mania

Panic disorder

Question 8 1 point

A child has a disorder resulting in the failure of bones to ossify, leading to soft bones and skeletal deformity. What treatment plan does the healthcare professional discuss with the parents?

Group of answer choices

Extremely careful handling

Increasing vitamin D intake

Revascularization

Containment and motion therapy

Question 9 1 point

Abnormalities in brain development related to schizophrenia are believed to occur when?

Group of answer choices

Prenatally

During infancy

Early childhood

Adolescence

Question 10 1 point

A patient with schizophrenia will have alterations in their dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The APRN would expect it to be described as:

Group of answer choices

Stimulated

Absent

Hyperactive

Hypoactive

Question 11 1 point

A woman has been diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome but is confused because her pelvic ultrasound (US) was read as normal and did not show cysts. What response by the healthcare professional is most appropriate?

Group of answer choices

We will schedule another US in 3 months to check again.

The cysts may be too small to see right now.

Maybe that diagnosis was incorrect; let’s schedule more testing.

You do not need to have cysts on your ovaries to have this condition.

Question 12 1 point

A patient has been diagnosed with lithium toxicity. Which electrolyte imbalance does the healthcare professional correlate with this condition?

Group of answer choices

Hypernatremia

Hyponatremia

Hyperkalemia

Hypokalemia

Question 13 1 point

A professor explains to a class that the reason lymph nodes enlarge and become tender during infection is because of what reason?

Group of answer choices

B lymphocytes proliferate.

The nodes become inflamed.

The nodes fill with purulent exudate.

The nodes are not functioning properly.

Question 14 1 point

A patient in the Emergency Department has heat stroke. What finding does the healthcare provider associate with this condition?

Group of answer choices

Core temperatures usually reaching approximately 39.5°C (103.1°F)

Absence of sweating despite a high core temperature

A rapid decrease in core temperature as heat loss from the evaporation of sweat ceases

Symptoms caused by the loss of sodium and prolonged sweating

Question 15 1 point

The neurobiology of depression is believed to be related to the atrophy of neurons in the:

Group of answer choices

Hypothalamus

Hippocampus

Thalamus

Amygdala

Question 16 1 point

Which immunoglobulin (Ig) is present in childhood asthma?

Group of answer choices

IgM

IgG

IgE

IgA

Question 17 1 point

The APRN is assessing a patient who states that Napoleon Bonaparte is the King of France, even though he has a book that says he is dead. This is an example of:

Group of answer choices

Delusion

Hallucination

Anhedonia

Pressured speech

Question 18 1 point

The musculoskeletal system is responsible for:

Group of answer choices

Movement and support

Movement and protection

Movement, support, and heat

Blood circulation, movement, support, heat, protection

Question 19 1 point

A patient has damage to the lower pons and medulla. What finding does the healthcare professional associate with this injury?

Group of answer choices

Flexion with or without extensor response of the lower extremities

Extension response of the upper and lower extremities

Extension response of the upper extremities and flexion response of the lower extremities

Flaccid response in the upper and lower extremities

Question 20 1 point

A student asks the professor to explain the jaundice that accompanies hemolytic anemia. Which statement by the professor is most accurate?

Group of answer choices

Erythrocytes are destroyed in the spleen.

Heme destruction exceeds the liver’s ability to conjugate and ex

crete bilirubin.

The patient has elevations in aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT).

The erythrocytes are coated with an immunoglobulin.

Question 21 1 point

What congenital malformation is commonly linked to acute leukemia in children?

Group of answer choices

Down syndrome

Wilms tumor

Retinoblastoma

Neuroblastoma

Question 22 1 point

The APRN is treating a patient with bipolar 1 disorder. The major focus of treatment is on:

Group of answer choices

Mania

Depression

Anxiety

Panic attacks

Question 23 1 point

A healthcare professional determines that the student needs more education when the student makes which statement about treating bone infection?

Group of answer choices

Bone contains multiple microscopic channels that are impermeable to the cells and biochemicals of the body’s natural defenses.

Microcirculation of bone is highly vulnerable to damage and destruction by bacterial toxins, leading to ischemic necrosis of bone.

Bone cells have a limited capacity to replace bone destroyed by infections.

Bacteria are walled off by macrophages and T lymphocytes; consequently, the antibiotics cannot penetrate the infected area.

Question 24 1 point

A student is learning about pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). What information does the student clarify with a study partner as being correct?

Group of answer choices

An episode of mild PID can decrease the possibility of a successful pregnancy by 80%.

Such inflammation may result in permanent changes to the ciliated epithelium of the fallopian tubes.

PID has not been associated with an increased risk of an ectopic pregnancy.

Contracting this infection increases the risk of cervical cancer.

Question 25 1 point

A patient has hepatomegaly, bronze-colored skin, and cardiac dysrhythmias. What condition does the healthcare professional prepare to teach the patient about?

Group of answer choices

Aplastic anemia

Pernicious anemia

Hereditary hemochromatosis

Immune thrombocytopenia purpura

Question 26 1 point

A healthcare professional wants to volunteer for a community education project to help prevent spinal cord injury. What activity would the professional most likely volunteer for?

Group of answer choices

Teaching school-aged children bicycle safety

Teaching stretching to high school athletes

Teaching adults good body mechanics for lifting

Teaching older adults how to prevent trip-and-fall events

Question 27 1 point

An infant has been diagnosed with intussusception, and the student asks the healthcare professional to explain the condition. What explanation by the professional is most accurate?

Group of answer choices

Poor colonic motility due to a problem in the parasympathetic nervous system

The colon remains in the upper right quadrant instead of moving to its normal location.

One part of the intestine telescopes into another section of the intestine.

Fibrosis increases the resistance to blood flow within the portal system.

Question 28 1 point

The APRN is assessing a patient who states that Napoleon Bonaparte is the King of France, even though he has a book that says he is dead. This is an example of:

Group of answer choices

Delusion

Hallucination

Anhedonia

Pressured speech

Question 29 1 point

A healthcare professional has educated a student on folic acid. Which statement by the student indicates that more teaching is needed?

Group of answer choices

Folic acid absorption is dependent on the enzyme folacin.

Folic acid is stored in the liver.

Folic acid is essential for RNA and DNA synthesis within erythrocytes.

Folic acid is absorbed in the upper small intestine.

Question 30 1 point

Mr. Smith, 58 years old, presents to the urology office with complaints of gross hematuria which have been present for five days. He also expresses difficulty with urination and episodes of dysuria. He is experiencing flank pain, which radiates into the abdomen and groin. Mr. Smith has had nausea and vomiting. He does not drink many fluids, but when he does, his fluid intake usually consists of caffeinated beverages. The NP knows that:

Group of answer choices

The lumen of the prostatic urethra narrows and lengthens, resulting in progressive urine flow obstruction. This process occurs when there is growth of the glandular-epithelial and stromal/muscle tissue of the prostate.

Acute pain can result from renal colic, which occurs when the smooth muscle of the ureter contracts to move a kidney stone.

Renal tubule dysfunction and atrophy can result from renal tissue fibrosis, which includes transforming growth factor and angiotensin II in the process.