NURS-6630N Week 3: Self Assessment Quiz 100% correct with rationale

NURS-6630N Week 3: Self Assessment Quiz 100% correct with rationale

Question 1

The human brain consists of four major structures: the cerebral cortex, brainstem, subcortical structures, and the cerebellum. In some neuropathological studies of schizophrenia, researchers have found that a specific area of the brain is smaller. Which major structure houses this brain area?

Answer: The area of the brain associated with smaller size in some patients with schizophrenia is part of the thalamus, which is located in the subcortical structures. The other major structures are not associated with this finding.

Question 2

Which neurotransmitter is considered the major excitatory neurotransmitter?

Answer: Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter.

Question 3

Among the components of patient-focused interventions to enhance adherence, which component includes strategies such as adaptive thinking, use of cues, and support?

Answer: The component that includes strategies like adaptive thinking, use of cues, and support is “Skills.”

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Question 4

G-protein coupled receptors are targeted by several psychiatric medications. When one of these receptors is activated in a way that potentiates an action, what is the ultimate result?

Answer: The ultimate result of activating G-protein coupled receptors is “Intracellular activation of second messengers” and “Protein phosphorylation,” which are steps leading up to the modification of gene expression.

Question 5

Which neurotransmitters are considered major in psychiatry?

Answer: The major neurotransmitters relevant in psychiatry include glutamate, GABA, dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, endogenous opioids, steroids, histamine, and nitric oxide.

Question 6

Blocking dopamine (subtype 2) receptors in specific pathways can lead to extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). In which pathway is this evident?

Answer: EPS is evident when dopamine (subtype 2) receptors are blocked in the “Nigrostriatal” pathway.

Question 7

Glia cells, specifically microglia and macroglia, play supportive roles to neurons. Which type of glial cell plays an active and critical role in glutamatergic neurotransmission by providing a co-agonist required for glutamate receptor function?

Answer: Microglial cells play an active and critical role in glutamatergic neurotransmission by providing a co-agonist required for glutamate receptor function.

Question 8

Second-generation antipsychotics have the ability to block 5HT2a receptors. What effect does this inhibition have?

Answer: Blocking 5HT2a receptors stabilizes dopamine concentrations in the CNS.

Question 9

Receptors trigger effector pathways resulting in changes in neuronal activity, ultimately affecting gene expression. Which effector pathway is characterized by ion flux through transmitter-activated channels, leading to altered membrane potential and neuronal activity?

Answer: The effector pathway characterized by ion flux through transmitter-activated channels and altered membrane potential is “Rapid effector pathways.”

Question 10

What happens when a Serotonin reuptake pump is blocked in the synaptic cleft and on the post-synaptic cell membrane?

Answer: When a Serotonin reuptake pump is blocked, there is an “increase in available Serotonin in the synaptic cleft,” which causes the post-synaptic cell to “increase the number of Serotonin receptors.”

Question 11

A patient who presents as hopeless, with decreased energy and poor concentration is affected by which factor related to treatment adherence?

Answer: The patient is affected by “Mood” as an adherence factor.

Question 12

G-protein coupled receptors belong to which type of effector pathway?

Answer: G-protein coupled receptors belong to the “Slow effector pathways.”

Question 13

Diazepam administration can rapidly resolve seizures. This occurs via which receptor type (effector pathway/receptor subtype)?

Answer: Diazepam’s rapid resolution of seizures occurs via “Rapid effector pathways/ion channel.”

Question 14

How is the synaptic cleft best characterized?

Answer: The synaptic cleft is characterized as “the space between the cell body and axon terminals that allows for the release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron for intercellular communication with an adjacent neuron (post synaptic neuron).”

Question 15

Based on the transtheoretical model, a patient who is aware of a problem but has not yet committed to a plan of action is in which stage?

Answer: The patient is in the “Contemplation” stage.

Question 16

What is the correct order of neurotransmitter/receptor interaction that results in an electrical signal impulse and the release of another neurotransmitter for interaction in the synaptic cleft?

Answer: The correct order is “Dendrites, Cell body, Axon, Axon terminals.”

Question 17

Neurons can be classified in various ways. Which statements about neuron classifications are true?

Answer: The following statements are true:

– The two structural classifications are projection neurons and local inter-neurons.
– Histological classification includes bipolar, unipolar, and multipolar.

Question 18

Introducing adherence in facilitating treatment goals is necessary for a patient who has previously displayed nonadherence patterns. (True/False)

Answer: True, introducing adherence strategies is important for patients who have displayed nonadherence patterns.

Question 19

If a patient admits to taking his medication every other day instead of daily, a potential concern would be:

Answer: The potential concern would be “Is the desired effect recognized at a lower daily dose?”

Question 20

Neurotransmitters are defined by four essential characteristics. Which characteristics are correct?

Answer: The correct characteristics of neurotransmitters are:

– Neurotransmitters are synthesized within presynaptic neurons.
– Their action on postsynaptic neurons can be replicated by administering a drug that mimics the activity of the endogenous neurotransmitter.
– Their action in the synaptic cleft is terminated by a specific action.