NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology Module 1 Assignment: Case Study Analysis

NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology Module 1 Assignment: Case Study Analysis

Introduction

This essay describes the disease highlighted in the scenario of an 11-year-old boy. In the scenario, the boy complains of wheezing and difficulty in breathing, particularly during exercise. The mother suggests that the boy is allergic to cat dander, and the symptoms have worsened since the neighbor started sheltering cats. Auscultation revealed wheezes in the lung fields during forced expiration. This study will analyze the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes of the disease presented in the case study

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NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology Module 1 Assignment: Case Study Analysis.

The disease likely results from airway obstruction in the lungs, which can be caused by narrowing, swelling, or excessive mucus production. These factors reduce the space available for air passage, making it difficult for the boy to breathe and producing wheezing sounds. Cat dander, to which the boy is allergic, may exacerbate the problem. When cat dander, tiny pieces of dead skin, is inhaled, it can trigger a reaction in the airways’ antigen-presenting cells, leading to increased mucus production, further obstructing the airways (McCance & Huether, 2019).

Genetics also play a role in this condition. Children born into families with a history of allergic asthma have a higher likelihood of developing the same condition. Specific gene variations that affect the encoding of epithelial cell-derived cytokines, such as interleukin-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin, are involved in allergy pathogenesis (Min, 2010). These gene variations are inherited, increasing the risk of developing the condition if there is a family history of it. Other gene variations in the ORMDL3 and GSDML genes are also hereditary and associated with early-onset of the condition NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology Module 1 Assignment: Case Study Analysis.

Race and ethnicity can also influence the propensity to develop this condition. Studies show that some racial and ethnic groups are less prone to allergies and asthma than others. The likelihood of developing such conditions varies significantly based on an individual’s ethnicity and race. For example, Caucasians have the highest rate of allergies, approximately three times higher than Asians, who have the lowest rate (Ortiz & Barnes, 2015).

In this case, the stimuli include exercise and exposure to cat dander. During exercise, the body’s oxygen demand increases, but narrowed or swollen airways make it challenging to supply enough oxygen, leading to increased breathing effort. Cat dander, on the other hand, stimulates a reaction that produces more mucus, exacerbating airway blockage NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology Module 1 Assignment: Case Study Analysis.

Conclusion

Based on the analysis, the boy is likely suffering from asthma exacerbated by an allergy to cat dander. The condition involves narrowed or swollen airways in the lungs and increased mucus production. Genetic factors may have contributed to his predisposition to this condition NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology Module 1 Assignment: Case Study Analysis.

References

McCance, K. L., & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. New York: Elsevier.

Min, Y.-G. (2010). The Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res., 65-76.

Ortiz, R. A., & Barnes , K. C. (2015). Genetics of Allergic Diseases. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am, 19-44.

Module 1 Assignment: Case Study Analysis

Understanding cells and their behavior is crucial for diagnosing and treating diseases. However, some diseases are complex, with various factors influencing their emergence and severity.

Effective disease analysis goes beyond cell behavior and includes genes, environmental factors, patient characteristics, and racial and ethnic variables.

Understanding the signs and symptoms of cellular process alterations is essential for diagnosing and treating many diseases. For Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs), this understanding also helps in patient education and guiding treatment plans NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology Module 1 Assignment: Case Study Analysis.

In this Assignment, a case study is examined, and the presented symptoms are analyzed. Cell, gene, and process elements that may contribute to the diagnosis are identified, and their implications for patient health are explained.

Case Study Analysis Assignment

Explain the reasons for the patient’s symptoms.
Identify the genes that may be associated with the disease’s development.
Describe the process of immunosuppression and its effects on body systems.

Submit the Case Study Analysis Assignment by Day 7 of Week 2, following the College of Nursing’s formatting requirements. The paper should include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. Please refer to the Walden Writing Center for a sample paper with the required elements (available at https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates).

NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology Module 1 Assignment: Case Study Analysis

Introduction

This essay describes the disease that is highlighted in the scenario of the 11-year old boy. In the scenario, the boy complains of wheezing and difficulty “getting enough air.” These symptoms especially increase when the boy is exercising, and there is an improvement when the activity stops. The mother suggests that the boy is allergic to cat dander, and since the next-door neighbor started sheltering cats, the symptoms have worsened even when the boy is at rest. Auscultation showed wheezes on forced expiration throughout all lung fields. This study will analyze the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes of the diseases that are presented in the case study NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology Module 1 Assignment: Case Study Analysis.

The disease is likely a result of the blocking of the airways in the lungs. The blockage may be a result of narrowing, swelling, or production of extra mucus in the lungs. When this happens, the space for passing air is constricted, making a person force the passage of air, struggle to breathe, and this ends up producing the wheezing sound. The problem may be aggravated by the cat dander, a situation the mother says that the boy is allergic to. In this case, the inner walls of the lungs’ airways contain mucosal cells that produce mucus to act as a protective system against the foreign matters in the lungs. In the case there is dander from the cats in the air, these are tiny pieces of dead skin, the boy may inhale them and invoke a reaction that makes antigen-presenting cells in the airways to make extra mucus (McCance & Huether, 2019). As a result, the mucus further blocks the airways leading the boy to struggle to breathe and thus wheezing sound.

Transcultural Nursing – Cultural Competence in the Health History and Physical Examination

In genetics, children who have been born in families with cases of allergic asthma have had a high likelihood of developing the same conditions. According to research, certain gene variations that change the encoding of epithelial cell-derived cytokines like interleukin-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin are involved in the pathogenesis of allergies (Min, 2010). These gene variations are inherited from parent to child, and thus the family history of the condition increases the risk of developing this condition. Other gene variations in the ORMDL3 and GSDML genes that are also hereditary are associated with early-onset of the condition NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology Module 1 Assignment: Case Study Analysis.

The other factor that may affect the propensity to develop the condition is race and ethnicity. According to studies, some races are less exposed to allergies and asthma more than others. The chance of developing such conditions varies dramatically based on the ethnicity and race of an individual. For example, Caucasians are found to have the highest rate of allergies that are about three times more than the Asians from presented with the lowest rate (Ortiz & Barnes , 2015).

In this case, the stimulus could include exercise activities and exposure to cat dander. In exercise activities, the body requires more oxygen than when the person is stationary. Therefore, the heightened oxygen requirement is faced with narrowed or swollen airways making the boy breathe hard to supply more oxygen. In the case of cat dander, they stimulate a reaction that produces more mucus that ends up blocking the airways NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology Module 1 Assignment: Case Study Analysis.

Conclusion

From the analysis, the boy is suffering from asthma that is worsened by the allergy to cat dander. The physiology of the problem involved narrowed or swollen airways in the lungs. The extra mucus may also block the airways causing heavy breathing and wheezing sound. Genetic factors could have played a role in predisposing the child to a hereditary condition NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology Module 1 Assignment: Case Study Analysis.

References

McCance, K. L., & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. New York: Elsevier.

Min, Y.-G. (2010). The Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res., 65-76.

Ortiz, R. A., & Barnes , K. C. (2015). Genetics of Allergic Diseases. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am, 19-44.

Module 1 Assignment: Case Study Analysis

An understanding of cells and cell behavior is a critically important component of disease diagnosis and treatment. But some diseases can be complex in nature, with a variety of factors and circumstances impacting their emergence and severity.

The Assignment (1- to 2-page case study analysis)

By Day 7 of Week 2

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	Excellent	Good	Fair	Poor
Develop a 1- to 2-page case study analysis, examining the patient symptoms presented in the case study. Be sure to address the following:  Explain why you think the patient presented the symptoms described.	28 (28%) – 30 (30%) The response accurately and thoroughly describes the patient symptoms. The response includes accurate, clear, and detailed reasons, with explanation for the symptoms supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation.	25 (25%) – 27 (27%) The response describes the patient symptoms. The response includes accurate reasons, with explanation for the symptoms supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation.	23 (23%) – 24 (24%) The response describes the patient symptoms in a manner that is vague or inaccurate. The response includes reasons for the symptoms, with explanations that are vague or based on inappropriate evidence/research.	0 (0%) – 22 (22%) The response describes the patient symptoms in a manner that is vague and inaccurate, or the description is missing. The response does not include reasons for the symptoms, or the explanations are vague or based on inappropriate or no evidence/research.
Identify the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease.	23 (23%) – 25 (25%) The response includes an accurate, complete, detailed, and specific analysis of the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology Module 1 Assignment: Case Study Analysis.	20 (20%) – 22 (22%) The response includes an accurate analysis of the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease.	18 (18%) – 19 (19%) The response includes a vague or inaccurate analysis of the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease.	0 (0%) – 17 (17%) The response includes a vague or inaccurate analysis of the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease is missing.
Explain the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems.	28 (28%) – 30 (30%) The response includes an accurate, complete, detailed, and specific explanation of the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems.	25 (25%) – 27 (27%) The response includes an accurate explanation of the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems.	23 (23%) – 24 (24%) The response includes a vague or inaccurate explanation of the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems.	0 (0%) – 17 (17%) The response includes a vague or inaccurate explanation of the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems.
Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization: Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction are provided that delineate all required criteria.	5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion are provided that delineate all required criteria.	4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time. Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment are stated, yet are brief and not descriptive.	3 (3%) – 3 (3%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%–79% of the time. Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment are vague or off topic.	0 (0%) – 2 (2%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity < 60% of the time. No purpose statement, introduction, or conclusion were provided. Dont wait until the last minute. Provide your requirements and let our native nursing writers deliver your assignments ASAP. Start My Order
Written Expression and Formatting – English Writing Standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation	5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.	4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Contains a few (1 or 2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.	3 (3%) – 3 (3%) Contains several (3 or 4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.	0 (0%) – 2 (2%) Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.
Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running heads, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list.	5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Uses correct APA format with no errors.	4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Contains a few (1 or 2) APA format errors.	3 (3%) – 3 (3%) Contains several (3 or 4) APA format errors.	0 (0%) – 2 (2%) Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors.

Total Points: 100