Unit 4: Endocrine Pharmacology

Unit 4: Endocrine Pharmacology

Study Guide Exam 1 Advanced Pharmacology
– Gain comprehension of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
– Recognize factors influencing drug absorption.
– Understand pregnancy risk categories.
– Familiarize yourself with CYP 384 isoenzymes for drug metabolism.
– Grasp the concept of drug steady state.
– Comprehend the mechanism of action and potential side effects of drug classes such as ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, and pacemaker dilators.
– Study anti-hypertensive medication mechanism of action, side effects, and precautions.
– Explore drugs used in the treatment of heart failure.
– Understand drugs used in the management of angina.
– Familiarize yourself with aspirin therapy.
– Be knowledgeable about medications for hyperlipidemia, their side effects, and when to monitor lab values.
– Comprehend the mechanism of action, side effects, and precautions of anticoagulation medications.
Enter the exam through Respondus and navigate to the tab titled “Exams” to access Exam 1.

Endocrine Pharmacology

Welcome to Unit 4 of Advanced Pharmacology
The endocrine system is extensive, and the treatments for its disorders are numerous. Understanding drug classes is crucial as they categorize mechanisms of action and subtle differences between drugs within the same class. Diabetes management is especially important as one in ten Americans has this condition, and choosing the right pharmacological approach is essential for preventing long-term complications. Therefore, a solid grasp of pathophysiology is vital as we explore how these drugs function in the treatment of endocrine disorders.
*Please note that this unit spans over 2 weeks.*

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Unit Learning Objectives
1. Examine the principles of pathophysiology and therapeutics guiding pharmacotherapeutic interventions for the endocrine system, particularly in diabetes management.
2. Analyze the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic actions of agents used for managing the endocrine system and diabetes.
3. Apply evidence-based pharmacotherapeutic interventions for patients with endocrine system disorders and diabetes.
4. Apply critical-thinking processes to manage and evaluate the expected effects and potential adverse effects of pharmacodynamic agents.

Week 5 & 6/Unit 4 “To Do” List
– Complete the HYMR Endocrine Quiz (week 5)
– Unit 1-3 Exam available Thursday 9/29 – Saturday 10/1 (Must access via Respondus) (week 5)
– Complete Shadow Health Focused Exam: HTN and Type 2 Diabetes (week 6)
– Complete Shadow Health Antidiabetics Concept Lab (week 6)

Learning Materials

Lectures & E-Book
Busti, A. J. (2022). NP Curriculum Support-Advanced Pharmacology for NPs. MedEducation, LLC.
ENDOCRINE PHARMACOLOGY (Week 5 & covers quiz content)
– Insulin Therapy Review
– Sulfonylurea & Meglitinides Review
– Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors Review
– Biguanides (Metformin) Review
– TZDs Review
– DPP-4 Inhibitors Review
– SGLT2 Inhibitors Review
– GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Review
– Amylin Analogs Review
– Hypoglycemia
– Corticosteroids Review–Pharmacology
– Corticosteroids Review–Application
ENDOCRINOLOGY-DIABETES MELLITUS (Week 6 & not on quiz)
– Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
– GLP-1 Agonists & SGLT2 Inhibitors in CKD
– GLP-1 Agonists & SGLT2 Inhibitors in CVD
– GLP-1 Agonists & SGLT2 Inhibitors in hF
– Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)
ENDOCRINOLOGY-OBESITY (Week 6 & not on quiz)
– Obesity-General Overview
– Obesity-Lifestyle Management
– Obesity-Obesity in CVD

Optional Learning Resources:
Media
Khan Academy (Producer). (2015). What is diabetes mellitus? [Video]. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/endocrine-system-diseases/diabetes/v/what-is-diabetes-mellitus?ref=health_staff_picks
Speed Pharmacology. (2017, September 24). Pharmacology – drugs for diabetes (made easy). [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LWDQyaKVols

Websites
American Diabetes Association®. (2020). Get a handle on diabetes medication. Retrieved from https://www.diabetes.org/diabetes/medication-management
Khan Academy. (2018). Endocrine system diseases. Retrieved from https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/endocrine-system-diseases
The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. (2018). Retrieved from https://pro.aace.com/
Note: Familiarize yourself with the AACE guidelines.

HYMR Quiz – Endocrine
Following review of all assigned lectures and correlating E-book chapters in High Yield Med Review, you will complete the module quiz in the HYMR platform.
– From the Dashboard select “EXAMS”
– Navigate to the “Endocrinology-Self Assessment”
– Click “Take Exam”
You will have one attempt to complete 10 questions in 15 minutes. Once completed, please take a screen shot of your score and upload it to this assignment tab for grading. This quiz is worth 20 points, so based on your % score you will receive the correlating points below.
– 100% 20 points
– 90% 18 points
– 80% 16 points
– 70% 14 points
– 60% 12 points
– 50% 10 points
– 40% 8 points
– 30% 6 points
– 20% 4 points
– 10% 2 points
– No submission 0 points
*Please note, faculty are able to view your time and activity in HYMR.*

Shadow Health: Concept Lab – Antidiabetics
The purpose of this Shadow Health Concept Lab assignment is to help you achieve the following Course Learning Outcomes 1-5.
Assignment:
This week you will participate in a Shadow Health Concept Lab pertaining to antidiabetic agents. This will allow you to learn about pharmacological concepts related to commonly administered antidiabetic drugs. This module should take approximately 30 minutes to complete.
What to Submit:
Upon completion of the assignment:
– Submit your completion certificate
– Submit your reflection response to the questions below
Reflection Response Instructions: Submit a 1 page reflection response to the questions below. Please use APA format and include one scholarly reference.
– What resources/guidelines will you use to help identify, diagnose, and treat diabetes? Give brief overview of how this will apply to your NP practice.

Shadow Health Technical Support
If at any time you have any questions or encounter any technical issues regarding the Digital Clinical Experience, please contact the Shadow Health support specialists by visiting the Learner Support

Page at http://support.shadowhealth.com for contact information and hours. You may email the Learner Support team directly at [email protected] at any time or by calling 800.860.3241.

Shadow Health: Focused Exam: Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes
The purpose of this Shadow Health Focused Exam assignment is to help you achieve Course Learning Outcomes 1-5.
Assignment:
This assignment is a focused exam with a patient who presents with hypertension and type 2 diabetes. You will conduct an interview with Arun Patel using therapeutic communication to determine the appropriate pharmacological therapy for his condition. After the exam, you will select the most appropriate medication for Mr. Patel and educate him on disease management and pharmacologic management. If applicable, you will write a prescription for the selected medication.
What to Submit:
Upon completion of the assignment, submit your completion certificate/lab pass that shows the DCE score to this assignment link..

Shadow Health Grading
All assignments will be graded using the DCE Score. Reopening and multiple attempts are allowed so the student can submit the best score for grading. Each student will submit the “lab pass” showing their DCE score to the designated assignment tab in Blackboard. Grading will be based on the DCE score received on the assignment that correlates with the points allocated in the table below. An incomplete assignment will result in the grade of zero. Faculty will monitor student engagement within the Shadow Health platform to ensure active participation to complete all the assignment requirements.
DCE Score
– 95-100 20
– 90-94 18
– 85-89 15
– 80-84 13
– Below 79 10
– No submission 0

Login page: “Shadow Health Access” link on left panel
Assignment Due Date: Sunday of Week 6

Shadow Health Technical Support
If at any time you have any questions or encounter any technical issues regarding the Digital Clinical Experience, please contact the Shadow Health support specialists by visiting the Learner Support Page at http://support.shadowhealth.com for contact information and hours. You may email the Learner Support team directly at [email protected] at any time or by calling 800.860.3241.

Unit Conclusion

As we wrap up week 6 of Advanced Pharmacology, we recall learning about numerous drugs impacting the endocrine system and diabetes management. We now have lots of experiences understanding drug classes to categorize the mechanisms of actions and subtle differences between in-class drugs. We will continue to focus on building upon our pharmacology knowledge.